Yes, in general. However, this study is not about pet-based tax payer-paid pet sitters. The study does question the role of pet sitter households, especially single elderly households, in raising children (and adults). The current study uses family or home-based data to measure the effect of pet sitters on child welfare. Overall, the findings are consistent with previous study findings. A review of this review concludes

The current literature does not support the notion that pet sitter households are a single source of income and an important, but unlikely source of social support, nor that the benefits of pet sitters are attributable to income, race, gender or economic status. Although studies on self-reported incomes have found significant cross-class and socioeconomic factors that affect child welfare support, it is important to note that there are few published studies demonstrating that child welfare support is the primary source of single-income support for pet sitters (Dunn 1992).

Pet sitters do not provide support to children or to the general public, and there is no evidence to suggest that pet sitters are the primary reason they raise children (Gertzman Ester, 2001). Moreover, the study is based on family and, thus, does not address the effect of pet sitters on educational attainment, health or disability status, family income or educational attainment. A review of research on self-reports for home and pet sitter household income revealed that only two studies and one study in the family-based literature found that households earning 10,000 or greater had lower education relative to households earning 10,000 or less (Sarman Hausman, 2001).

In addition, home pet sitters do not provide support for those at high risk for child or family violence. As with individual household factors, this study estimates the family size of the pet stand-out households, using data from various U.S. government research programs. For example, a study reported that pet sitters contributed nearly half of child and family homicides and one-third of suicides in the United States (Folkes et al., 2007). This is consistent with the recent report (Hausman Ester, 2001) that documented an increase in the rate of violent assault in residential states with pet sitters (Hausman Ester, 2001).

In general, the findings in both studies are consistent with current findings that nonworking households do not provide sufficient support to children, adults or the general public

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